Neuroendocrine Tumors

About Neuroendocrine Tumors

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare growths that arise from neuroendocrine cells, which have traits of both nerve and hormone-producing cells. These tumors can develop in various organs, most commonly in the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and lungs. NETs may be slow-growing or aggressive and can produce hormones causing distinct symptoms. Early detection and specialized treatment are essential, often involving surgery, medications, or targeted therapies depending on the tumor type and location.

Risk Factors

Common Signs and Symptoms

Diagnosis of Esophageal Cancer

Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, imaging, and biopsy. Blood and urine tests help detect hormone levels or tumor markers like chromogranin A. Imaging techniques such as CT scan, MRI, or PET scan (often using Ga-68 DOTATATE) help locate the tumor and assess spread. Endoscopic procedures may be used for gastrointestinal NETs. A confirmed diagnosis is made through biopsy, which identifies the type and grade of the tumor.

Treatment Options

Surgery

Primary treatment for localized tumors, aiming for complete removal.

Medications

Includes somatostatin analogs to control hormone symptoms and tumor growth.

Targeted Therapy

Drugs like everolimus or sunitinib for advanced or progressive NETs.

Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT)

Delivers targeted radiation to NET cells.

Chemotherapy

Used for aggressive or high-grade NETs, especially if widespread.

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