Ulcerative Colitis

About Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the colon and rectum’s inner lining, causing continuous inflammation and ulcers. It leads to symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding. The exact cause is unknown but involves immune system abnormalities and genetic factors. Treatment aims to reduce inflammation, manage symptoms, and prevent flare-ups through medication, lifestyle changes, and sometimes surgery in severe cases.

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Risk Factors

Family history of ulcerative colitis or other inflammatory bowel diseases
Age (commonly develops between 15-30 years and after 50 years)
Ethnicity (higher risk among Caucasians and Ashkenazi Jews)
Environmental factors such as diet and pollution
Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Common Signs and Symptoms

Diagnosis of Ulcerative Colitis

Diagnosis involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. Blood tests check for anemia and inflammation markers. Stool tests rule out infections. Colonoscopy with biopsy is the gold standard, allowing direct visualization of the colon’s lining and tissue sampling to confirm inflammation and ulceration. Imaging studies like CT or MRI may be used to assess disease extent and complications. Early diagnosis helps guide effective treatment.

Treatment Options

Medications

Anti-inflammatory drugs (aminosalicylates), corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics to reduce inflammation and control symptoms.

Diet and Lifestyle

Nutritional support, avoiding trigger foods, and stress management.

Surgery

Removal of the colon (colectomy) in severe or unresponsive cases.

Regular Monitoring

Ongoing evaluation to manage flare-ups and prevent complications.

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