Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, develops in the large intestine (colon) and often begins as small, benign growths called polyps. Over time, some polyps can become cancerous. Early symptoms may include changes in bowel habits, blood in the stool, abdominal discomfort, and unexplained weight loss. Risk factors include age, family history, poor diet, and inflammatory bowel disease. Early detection through screening, such as colonoscopy, significantly improves outcomes. Treatment typically involves surgery, chemotherapy, and sometimes targeted or immunotherapy.