Rectal cancer develops in the last several inches of the large intestine, called the rectum. It often begins as small growths called polyps, which can become cancerous over time. Symptoms include changes in bowel habits, rectal bleeding, and abdominal discomfort. Risk factors include age, family history, and certain lifestyle habits. Early detection through screening, such as colonoscopy, is crucial. Treatment typically involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy to improve outcomes and quality of life.